EP 1110-1-27
27 Jan 00
(g) Total kilowatt-hour (kWh) use can be used to calculate changes in motor and system
efficiency.
(h) Electrical monitoring should be automatic if at all possible or, if manual, checked weekly.
CEGS 13405 provides guidance in specifying apparatus for monitoring pump motor operation as well as
the flow, temperature, pressure, and chemical-physical properties of the discharge. Particular attention
should be paid to regularly monitoring wellhead voltage, amperage, Ω, and φ balance conditions of
individual wells. Grounding should also be checked on a routine O&M schedule.
(5) For water sampling, strategically placed water sampling ports permit analysis of maintenance-
related water quality parameters. A monthly to quarterly schedule is recommended (Section 5-1 to 5-3).
Noncorrodible taps placed to permit sampling fluid at well discharge and other strategic points are
necessary to detect indicators of chemical and biological clogging and corroding conditions. Where
corrosion and biofouling are sampled directly using coupons (Smith 1992; McLaughlan 1996; Little,
Wagner and Mansfield 1997), provision must be made for attachment of the necessary sampling devices
and discharge of flow-through fluids. (Note: After any manual measurement or sampling, the location of
the automatic lwl shut-off should be checked to verify that it was not adversely affected.)
(6) Measuring systems should be automated as much as possible. Measuring system maintenance
must be integral with the well maintenance plan (Chapter 5).
2-8. Ground Water Geochemistry: Hazardous and Nonhazardous
a. Physicochemical data purpose. Physicochemical parameters are necessary to specify well
materials, predict clogging and corrosive conditions, and plot environmental change. These parameters
should be collected in the planning phase and during operation.
b. Physicochemical data analyses to be conducted.
(1) The basic, nonhazardous water chemistry data should begin with a standard set of constituents
known as the "routine analysis for water quality" (Domenico and Schwartz 1990). This set of constituents
is generally used for assessing the suitability of a water for human consumption and agricultural and
industrial uses. The routine analysis includes the majority of the mass dissolved in the sample and that
which remains unidentified is negligible. The routine analysis will also include other items, for example,
pH, Eh (ORP or redox potential), and total dissolved solids (TDS). This analysis should enable one to
identify the major ion species present, and the potential for deposition of solids.
(2) The routine analysis contains most of the major and minor ionic constituents, as well as a few
of the minor constituents, if needed.
(3) Computer applications are available for organizing and plotting ionic constituent data that
would facilitate tracking spatial or temporal variations in water quality (for example, HydroChem
available from RockWare). Analyzing the chemistry data can be facilitated by utilizing programs such as
WATEQ (Truesdell and Jones 1974), BALANCE (Parkhurst et al., 1982), and MINTEQ (U.S. EPA).
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